Citation Style Guides

Compare formatting rules across all 11 supported styles. See examples and find the right style for your discipline.

APA 7th Edition

American Psychological Association — social sciences, psychology, education

Bibliography Entry

Smith, J. D. (2024). The art of research. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1234/example

In-Text Citation

(Smith, 2024, p. 45)

Best For

PsychologyEducationSocial SciencesNursingBusiness
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MLA 9th Edition

Modern Language Association — humanities, literature, arts

Bibliography Entry

Smith, John David. The Art of Research. Academic Press, 2024.

In-Text Citation

(Smith 45)

Best For

EnglishLiteratureHumanitiesCultural StudiesPhilosophy
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Chicago 17th Edition

Chicago Manual of Style — history, publishing, general academic

Bibliography Entry

Smith, John David. The Art of Research. New York: Academic Press, 2024.

Footnote

John David Smith, The Art of Research (New York: Academic Press, 2024), 45.

Best For

HistoryFine ArtsPublishingSocial Sciences
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Turabian 9th Edition

Student-focused Chicago variant — theses, dissertations, research papers

Bibliography Entry

Smith, John David. The Art of Research. New York: Academic Press, 2024.

Footnote

John David Smith, The Art of Research (New York: Academic Press, 2024), 45.

Best For

Student PapersThesesDissertationsResearch Projects
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Bluebook 22nd Edition

Legal citation standard — law reviews, court briefs, memoranda

Full Citation

JOHN DAVID SMITH, THE ART OF LEGAL RESEARCH 45 (3d ed. 2024).

Short Form

Smith, supra note 12, at 45.

Best For

Law ReviewsCourt BriefsLegal MemorandaStatutory Analysis
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Harvard Referencing

Author-date system — widely used in UK and Australia

Bibliography Entry

Smith, J.D. (2024). The Art of Research. New York: Academic Press.

In-Text Citation

(Smith, 2024)

Best For

UK UniversitiesAustralian UniversitiesInternational Studies
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AMA 11th Edition

American Medical Association — medicine, nursing, health sciences

Bibliography Entry

Smith JD, Doe RB. Advances in clinical research methods. JAMA. 2024;331(4):1234-1240. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0123

In-Text Citation

¹ (superscript)

Best For

MedicineNursingPublic HealthPharmacyDentistry
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IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers — engineering, computer science

Bibliography Entry

[1] J. D. Smith and R. B. Doe, "A framework for neural architecture search," IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1234-1240, 2024, doi: 10.1109/example.

In-Text Citation

[1]

Best For

Electrical EngineeringComputer ScienceRoboticsTelecommunications
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ACS

American Chemical Society — chemistry and chemical sciences

Bibliography Entry

Smith, J. D.; Doe, R. B. Catalytic Properties of Novel Compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 1234-1240. DOI: 10.1021/example.

In-Text Citation

¹ (superscript)

Best For

ChemistryBiochemistryMaterials ScienceChemical Engineering
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CSE 8th Edition

Council of Science Editors — biology and the life sciences

Bibliography Entry

Smith JD, Doe RB. 2024. Cellular responses to environmental stress. J Cell Biol. 223(4):1234-1240.

In-Text Citation

¹ (superscript)

Best For

BiologyEcologyGeneticsZoologyBotany
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ASA 7th Edition

American Sociological Association — sociology and social sciences

Bibliography Entry

Smith, John David, and Robert B. Doe. 2024. "Social Networks and Mobility." American Journal of Sociology 100(4):1234-1260.

In-Text Citation

(Smith and Doe 2024:1245)

Best For

SociologyCriminologySocial WorkAnthropology
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